Throughout human history, political and commercial interactions among civilizations and political powers have often provided a context for the transmission of cultural and artistic elements. Against this background, the present study examines the influence of Parthian art on the art of the Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220). The central question of the study concerns the cultural effects of the interactions between the two major powers of the ancient world—namely, the Parthian Empire in Iran and the Han Dynasty in China—and the artistic motifs and techniques that may have been exchanged as a result of these contacts. Based on historical and archaeological evidence, it appears that Han artists incorporated Iranian motifs and combined them with indigenous elements, thereby producing new and distinctive forms in comparison with those of their predecessors. The study employs a descriptive-comparative method with a historical approach, drawing on published historical documents and archaeological evidence. Its theoretical framework is based on the Theory of Cultural Transmission and the Model of Artistic Influence in Parallel Empires. The findings indicate significant evidence of the indirect transmission of ideas and techniques from Parthian Iran to China in four major areas: glazed pottery, rider-and-horse motifs, griffin (winged lion) imagery, and textiles