Problem statement: Celestial symbols such as the moon and the star have long represented diverse meanings across various cultures and have been prominently featured in applied arts. This comparative study explores these two motifs within the artistic contexts of Safavid Iran and Edo-period Japan, aiming to reveal their cultural and symbolic significance. Question: The central research question investigates the similarities and differences in the form, content, and function of the moon and star motifs across these two cultural landscapes. The objective: is to analyze these symbols in Safavid ceramic plates and Japanese Edo-period textiles, with an emphasis on their symbolic meanings and aesthetic contexts. Research Method: employs a descriptive-analytical methodology with a comparative approach, based on data collected through library and documentary resources. Conclusion: Findings indicate that in both cultures, the moon and star motifs are intertwined with concepts of cosmology, ritual, and visual aesthetics. In Safavid Iran, these motifs are largely associated with mystical meanings and cosmic order, whereas in Edo Japan, they are more closely linked to nature, indigenous beliefs, and the cyclical perception of time. The convergence and divergence in the application and interpretation of these symbols underscore their capacity to express profound cultural insights and highlight the richness of cross-cultural symbolic expression in Eastern artistic tradition.