Grading Success Factors of the Public Spaces in Urban Scale Case Studies From France and Italy

Public space is a vital part of an urban area which is daily attended by various groups of people and has a variety of functions. Citizens do not face professional, racial, or time-associated limits for attending these spaces. The success of public spaces is not determined by their construction, and it is probable that the external appearance of a successful urban public space will not be particularly different from that of an unpopular one.
This is a field study research and, using direct experiences, it will investigate sample cases of successful spaces from France and Italy. How can the rate of success in public spaces be assessed? What factors and to what extent they influence the success of public spaces.In the European context, the success of public spaces depends on different factors such as the geographical position, historical background, the formation and emergence process, sociocultural elements and some other artificial ones. The investigation of the samples of public spaces in this research helps in classifying the influential factors which contribute to the success of public space in three categories of historical, natural, and functional ones.
The designing and construction of new public spaces and the renovation of the passive urban spaces and rendering them dynamic requires the assessment of the factors associated with urban space in each space. Therefore, recognition of the factors which affect the success of an urban space is very significant and can guarantee its popularity and liveliness. The investigation of the function of each of these factors in select cities in France and Italy reveals the historical and functional factors as the most important ones, while the natural factor are of the lowest importance.