Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient

Studying the Poems of Omar Khayyam Based on Hypertextuality in Prominent Calligraphy Works (Case Study: Quatrain or Rubái No. 103)

https://doi.org/10.22034/jaco.2024.418361.1353
Volume 12, Issue 44
Summer 2024
Pages 54-67
Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Roghayyeh Dizajcheraghi 1
Farnoush Shamili 2

1 Ph.D. Student, Department Of Islamic Arts, Faculty of Islamic Crafts, Tabriz Islamic Art Univercity, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Theoretical Studies of Visual Arts, Faculty of Visual Arts, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract
Among numerous calligraphy scripts, Nastaliq is inseparably associated with Iranian culture and literature, as it represents part of Iranian culture and art. The consonance of Nastaliq’s appearance with the spirit of Persian poetry provided the basis for more interaction of this writing style with Persian literature to give a balanced structure to the rhythmic poems. This script has various forms that are mostly applied in poetry, calligraphy, and Chalipa as kind of it.  The quatrains No. 103 of Khayyam’s poem with a high degree of repetition by calligraphers in the form of Chalipa have been addressed in this research. To comprehend the concepts behind these artworks, it is required to study the textual relationships between them and carry out the relevant transtextual studies. The transtextuality approach of Gerard Genette targets all existing relationships between texts, among which hypertextuality is more adaptable to artistic texts. This term is defined as the influence of one text on another. Therefore, this research aims to systematically study the quatrains 103 of Khayyam’s poems, to address the textual relationships among them. The main research question here is to know how the hypertextuality of Genette can be identified in the mentioned works. The research method was based on a descriptive-analytical approach, and the data were collected relying on documented resources and observation by using qualitative analysis. According to the research findings, the reference to the hypotext in these works is significant, and the function of hypertexts is often serious, so the process changes very slowly.

Keywords

Hypertext
Calligraphy
Literature
Hakim Omar Khayyam
Genette
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