Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient

Investigating the Effects of Objective and Subjective Elements on the Sense of “Privacy” in the Architectural Space

https://doi.org/10.22034/jaco.2022.364304.1264
Volume 10, Issue 38
Winter 2023
Pages 17-28
Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Reza Jafarpour hadikiashari 1
Mohammadhadi Kaboli 2
Azadeh Shahcheraghi 3

1 Ph.D Candidate, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

2 Ph.D Candidate, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University Damavand Branch, Damavand, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract
Abstract
Cultural, identity, and personality factors are different elements that can form privacy in a different weight importance. Investigating the effective factors on creating or disturbing privacy is considered when it is analyzed and criticized in a spatial and temporal context, in accordance with the specific cultural and identity conditions. In this analysis, the effective elements and components are tested and the weight percentage and effectiveness are specified.
The present study attempted to evaluate the various factors affecting privacy. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to identify and prioritize the components providing privacy.
This study is a descriptive-analytical design that initially studies privacy as a semantic concept of theoretical aspect with library resources and then presents a qualitative-quantitative analysis via field survey (in-depth interview and questionnaire).
According to the research case, the results of the study indicate that the perception of the sense of privacy is subject to objective and subjective elements, and this component plays a role in the perception of privacy. Objective elements are more effective when communicating with “others”. In the subjective measurement section, the perceptual difference is insignificant in terms of gender. Unlike men, the statistical population of women considers the body’s cover as a more effective motive in securing privacy, but “security” and its origin “others’ misuse “ is the main concern of the statistical population of both genders.

Keywords

Privacy
Protect privacy
Subjective factors
Objective factors
  • Alexander, A. (2009). Britain’s New Towns: Garden cities to sustainable communities. London: Rouledge.
  • AlKhateeb, M. S. (2015). An Investigation into the concept of privacy in contemporary Saudi houses from a female perspective: a design tool (Unpublishe Ph.D. Thesis in Architecture), Bournemouth University, USA.
  • Altman, I. (1976). Privacy: a conceptual analysis. Environ Behav, 8(1),7–29.
  • Ansari, B. (2007). Privacy rights. Tehran: Universities Humanities Organization.
  • Babazadeh Oskuyi, S., Toofan, S. & Jamali, S. (2019). Promoting theoretical foundations of the concept of privacy in contemporary housing from the perspective of environmental psychology, Milad residential tower in Tabriz. Bagh Nazar, 16 (79), 61-72.
  • Behzadfar, M. (2011). Hoviyat-e shahr negahi be hoviyat-e shahr-e tehran [City identity, a view of Tehran’s identity]. Tehran: Shahr publication.
  • Fish, W. (2012). Sensory design philosophy (Y. Pour Ismail Trans.), Tehran: Hekmat Publications.
  • Giddens, A. (2013). Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Californiya: Stanford University Press.
  • Gilchrist, A. (2012). Objective and subjective sides of perception. In Gary Hatfield & Sarah Allred (eds.), Visual Experience: Sensation. Californiya: Stanford University Press.
  • Gifford, R. (1997). Environmental Psychology; Principles and Practice. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Hall, E. (2011). Hidden dimension (M. Tabibian, Trans.) Sixth Edition. Tehran: Tehran University Publications.
  • Heidari, A. A. & Taghipour, M. (2018). Analysis of confidentiality in traditional houses based on mass to space ratio). (Case sample: Single courtyard houses in hot and dry climates). Architectural Journal of Hot and Dry Climate, 7(8), 77-99.
  • Ibn Faris, A. (1983). Mujam al -Maqis al -Allogah (Research: Abdul Salam Muhammad Ibin Haron). Qom: Qom Islamic Propaganda Office.
  • Kandler, Ch. & Rauthmann, J. F. (2021). Conceptualizing and Studying Characteristics, Units, and Fits of Persons and Environments: A Coherent Synthesis, European Journal of Personality, 36(3), 293–318.
  • Keiwanloo, M. & Asadi, M. (2013). Investigate the role of identity in organizing and designing residential spaces (Case study, Residential complexes in Bojnourd urban development). The Papers on Architecture and Urban Development and Sustainable Development. Mashhad: Khavaran Higher Education Institute.
  • Lang, J. T. (2002). Creating Architecture Theory: The Role of Behavioral Sciences in Environment Design. (A. Einifar, Trans). Tehran: University of Tehran. Institute of Publishing and Printing.
  • Larsone, L. R., Stedman, R.  C., Cooper, C.  B. & Decker, D.  J. (2015).  Understanding the multi-dimensional structure of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, (43), 112–124.
  • Low, S.M., Altman, I. (1992). Place Attachment. In: Altman, I., Low, S.M. (eds) Place Attachment. Human Behavior and Environment, (12),1-12.
  • Mónus, F. (2022). Environmental education policy of schools and socioeconomic background affect environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior of secondary school students. Environmental Education, 28(2),169-196.
  • Macedo, P. F., Ornstein, W. & Azambuja Elali, G. (2022). Privacy and housing: research perspectives based on a systematic literature review, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, (37), 653-668.
  • Madani Pour, A. (2010). Public and private spaces of the city. Tehran: Pardazesh and urban planning company.
  • Maylee, R. (2006). Personality: construct, creating and evolving.Tehran: University of Tehran.
  • Mortazavi, Sh. (2001). Ravanshenasi-ye mohit va karbord-e an [Environmental psychology and its use]. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.
  • Naqizadeh, M. (2014). Hoviyat-e shahr (Mabani, Moalefe-ha, Jelveh-ha) [City identity (basics, components, and effects)]. Second edition. Tehran: Academic Jihad.
  • Newman, O. (1996). Rutgers University United States. Creating Defensible Space. Washington D.C: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research.Dept. of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research.
  • Pakzad, J. & Bozorg, H. (2014). Alefbay-e Ravanshenasiye mohit baray-e tarrahan Alefbay-e [The alphabet of environmental psychology for designers]. Tehran: Armanshahr Publications.
  • Pakzad, J., Babaei, M. & Tajbakhsh, M. (2020). Alefbay-e ravanshenasiye mohit baray-e tarrahan [Alphabet of spatial qualities for designers]. Tehran: Armanshahr Publications.
  • Pirnia, M. K. (2001). Sabkshenasiy-e memari-ye iran [Iranian Architectural style, Gholamhossein Memarian]. Tehran: Pazhuhande-Memar Publishing.
  • Rainey, S., Stéphanie, M., Christen, A., Mégevand, P. & Fourneret, E. (2022). Brain Recording, Mind-Reading, and Neurotechnology: Ethical Issues from Consumer Devices to Brain-Based Speech Decoding, Sci Eng Ethics. (26), 2295-2311.
  • Schultz, A. (2009). Personality theories. Tehran: Homa publication.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1986). Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theory and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1-65). New York: Academic Press.
  • Seifian, M. K. & Mahmoudi, M. R. (2001). Confidentiality in Iranian traditional architecture. Hoviyatshahr,1(1),3-14.
  • Shahcheraghi, A. & Bandarrabad, A. (2015). Mohat dar mohit: karbord-e ravanshenasi-ye mohity dar memari va shahrsazi [Being surrounded by the Environment: Application of Environmental Psychology in Architecture and Urban Development]. Tehran: University Jihad Organization, University of Tehran.
  • Soltanzadeh, H. (1993). Tazaha-ye vorodi-ye khane-ha-ye tehran-e ghadim [Entrance spaces of old Tehran houses]. Tehran: Cultural research office.
  • Taffakkor, S. (2020). Explain the criticism model of public anthropogenic environment based on synomorphic theory (Traditional market case study and contemporary shopping centers), (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis in Architecture). Islamic Azad University, Research Sciences Unit.
  • Trepte, S. & Reinecke, L. (2011). Privacy online: Perspectives on privacy and self-disclosure in the social web. New York: Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
  • Westin, A. (1979). Privacy and Freedom. New York: Atheneum.

Home

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us