Nazar Research CenterJournal of Art and Civilization of the Orient2345-661272320190321Mega Event of Arba’een, a Manifestation of Religious TourismMega Event of Arba’een, a Manifestation of Religious Tourism5148391510.22034/jaco.2020.83915FAMahdiehBodFaculty member of NAZAR center, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190306Religious tourism can be regarded as a type of tourism that lies between pilgrimage, on the one hand, and tourism, on the other. With regard to Arba’een ceremony, one could say that such a collective action can be considered as a pilgrimage besides being a type of religious tourism; because it is the incentives and behaviors of the travelers that determine if their journey is pilgrimage or religious tourism. There are some individulas among the participants of Arba’een event whose motives and behaviors are like those of a pilgrim or a religious tourist. In this research, through studying the Arba’een event, it was made clear that the life threatening dangers and lack of infrastructure and facilities, have not weaken the pacifist Arba’een walk. Despite being an Islamic action, this event has been developed to other religions too.
Religious tourism can be regarded as a type of tourism that lies between pilgrimage, on the one hand, and tourism, on the other. With regard to Arba’een ceremony, one could say that such a collective action can be considered as a pilgrimage besides being a type of religious tourism; because it is the incentives and behaviors of the travelers that determine if their journey is pilgrimage or religious tourism. There are some individulas among the participants of Arba’een event whose motives and behaviors are like those of a pilgrim or a religious tourist. In this research, through studying the Arba’een event, it was made clear that the life threatening dangers and lack of infrastructure and facilities, have not weaken the pacifist Arba’een walk. Despite being an Islamic action, this event has been developed to other religions too.
http://www.jaco-sj.com/article_83915_7db7f9b1effbae1373528ff5946771ce.pdfNazar Research CenterJournal of Art and Civilization of the Orient2345-661272320190321Using Primitive Cultural Data for Interpretation: A Look at Birdwatching ToursUsing Primitive Cultural Data for Interpretation: A Look at Birdwatching Tours15228391610.22034/jaco.2020.83916FAShafiaShafiaPh.D. in Tourism Management, University of Science and CultureJournal Article20190306The pristine nature of Iran has always been respected by ancient Persians. <br />The nature that dominated urban life several decades ago, these days are not like the old flourishing days. Urban life and the destruction of natural life destroyed various animal and plant species. Ecotourism, which is one of the most popular types of tourism, attracted tourists in recent years. Observing birds without bothering them is called Birdwatching, which is one of the ecotourism subcategories. Bird, as an important part of the animal life of Iran’s nature, is an expression of beauty and meaning. This creature has a foot on the ground and wings in the sky and always captivates the minds and eyes of the tourists. However, are the explanation and identification of the appearance and behavior of the birds sufficient data for birdwatchers? The question of this research is that how to present interpretative layers from the public viewpoint, literature, poetry, myth, and the relationship between man and the bird. This study has been conducted using library studies to understand the basic concepts and interviews with experts to introduce the interpretation method. The results show that the confrontation between the public view of the facts and the movement of partial data into general concepts will make it possible to achieve a particular type of interpretation.The pristine nature of Iran has always been respected by ancient Persians. <br />The nature that dominated urban life several decades ago, these days are not like the old flourishing days. Urban life and the destruction of natural life destroyed various animal and plant species. Ecotourism, which is one of the most popular types of tourism, attracted tourists in recent years. Observing birds without bothering them is called Birdwatching, which is one of the ecotourism subcategories. Bird, as an important part of the animal life of Iran’s nature, is an expression of beauty and meaning. This creature has a foot on the ground and wings in the sky and always captivates the minds and eyes of the tourists. However, are the explanation and identification of the appearance and behavior of the birds sufficient data for birdwatchers? The question of this research is that how to present interpretative layers from the public viewpoint, literature, poetry, myth, and the relationship between man and the bird. This study has been conducted using library studies to understand the basic concepts and interviews with experts to introduce the interpretation method. The results show that the confrontation between the public view of the facts and the movement of partial data into general concepts will make it possible to achieve a particular type of interpretation.http://www.jaco-sj.com/article_83916_3e5f3d9d46566413a949abd403cf5d09.pdfNazar Research CenterJournal of Art and Civilization of the Orient2345-661272320190321Transferring the Knowledge of Cultural Heritage in Creative Cities by the Help of Internet Websites
Anita Saleh Bloordi*Transferring the Knowledge of Cultural Heritage in Creative Cities by the Help of Internet Websites
Anita Saleh Bloordi*23308391710.22034/jaco.2020.83917FAAnitaSaleh BloordiPh.D. of Frannce Language With an approach to visual semiology & CultureJournal Article20190306Cultural industries play a prominent role in the development of cities. As a catalyst, they enhance the creation of the new industries, and provide the background for doing several activities so that they lead to economic growth. Looking at the cultural websites, an opportunity emerges to understand the origins and sources of creativity, as well as the trend of creating a new genre through the modern industries. Regarding the cultural industries are there any considerations on the development of the cities in Iran based on which to study and form the trend of creativity and innovation? <br />Regarding the visitors’ inclinations to explore the cultural heritage of different countries, there is a discrepancy between visiting the websites and visiting the place, which looks like the difference between the market and the product. Regarding the negative propaganda, and the restrictions the local or foreign tourists will face (due to needs, different interests of the visitors, and the prohibition of visiting the places near to destruction), visiting historical places has directly waned. <br />According to anthropological studies, technology greatly affects the culture. This method provides a new theory on the development of the cognitive and scientific dimensions of culture. Two major principles are very important for the advancement of this study: (1) the procedures by which we learn the cognizance, and transfer it, (2) the combination of codes and the digital technologies should be in such a way that the data is activated, processed, and reproduced in a new form. Richard Florida’s study, which explores the relationship between the technique and the culture, and plays a role in its advancement, is discussed to clarify the previous works. What informatics prepares in the form of the hypertext, by collecting data and categorizing them in a digital collection is insufficient; and, it is necessary to exert the spatial –time consideration into the digital environment.
Cultural industries play a prominent role in the development of cities. As a catalyst, they enhance the creation of the new industries, and provide the background for doing several activities so that they lead to economic growth. Looking at the cultural websites, an opportunity emerges to understand the origins and sources of creativity, as well as the trend of creating a new genre through the modern industries. Regarding the cultural industries are there any considerations on the development of the cities in Iran based on which to study and form the trend of creativity and innovation? <br />Regarding the visitors’ inclinations to explore the cultural heritage of different countries, there is a discrepancy between visiting the websites and visiting the place, which looks like the difference between the market and the product. Regarding the negative propaganda, and the restrictions the local or foreign tourists will face (due to needs, different interests of the visitors, and the prohibition of visiting the places near to destruction), visiting historical places has directly waned. <br />According to anthropological studies, technology greatly affects the culture. This method provides a new theory on the development of the cognitive and scientific dimensions of culture. Two major principles are very important for the advancement of this study: (1) the procedures by which we learn the cognizance, and transfer it, (2) the combination of codes and the digital technologies should be in such a way that the data is activated, processed, and reproduced in a new form. Richard Florida’s study, which explores the relationship between the technique and the culture, and plays a role in its advancement, is discussed to clarify the previous works. What informatics prepares in the form of the hypertext, by collecting data and categorizing them in a digital collection is insufficient; and, it is necessary to exert the spatial –time consideration into the digital environment.
http://www.jaco-sj.com/article_83917_59d415f6e8fee54c6fd3631f117c5e14.pdfNazar Research CenterJournal of Art and Civilization of the Orient2345-661272320190321Investigating Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in the Tourism Sector: An Integration of Persian-Language StudiesInvestigating Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in the Tourism Sector: An Integration of Persian-Language Studies31388391810.22034/jaco.2020.83918FAGhazalFirouziBachelor of Tourism Management, University of Science and CultureJournal Article20190306Several studies have examined the quality of tourism services and its effects on customer satisfaction - an issue closely related to the culture and sociology of Iranian civilization. All the efforts of tourism firms are centered around getting customer satisfaction to ensure their business environment. Hence, the collection and compilation of the results of Persian-language studies is considered as a theoretical and practical need. The current study was conducted to integrate Persian-language scientific studies regarding the quality of tourism services and customer satisfaction. The study aimed at investigating the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction. This qualitative study was a meta-synthesis research, which emphasized on the conducted studies. Thus, according to the selected keywords, 20 valid studies were collected from Scientific Information Databases (Jihad-e Daneshgahi). The results showed that many factors indirectly affect service quality and customer satisfaction, which is less dealt with. Public infrastructure, laws and regulations, mental and promotional elements have been considered some of these factors. The methodology of the collected studies was mostly quantitative or integrated. However, it seems that emphasizing on qualitative studies is required for the better understanding and description of the relationship between these concepts. Not much innovation and creativity in this area has been because of excessive emphasis on the evaluation of the non-native service quality. It seems that future studies can plan and state problems in this regard.Several studies have examined the quality of tourism services and its effects on customer satisfaction - an issue closely related to the culture and sociology of Iranian civilization. All the efforts of tourism firms are centered around getting customer satisfaction to ensure their business environment. Hence, the collection and compilation of the results of Persian-language studies is considered as a theoretical and practical need. The current study was conducted to integrate Persian-language scientific studies regarding the quality of tourism services and customer satisfaction. The study aimed at investigating the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction. This qualitative study was a meta-synthesis research, which emphasized on the conducted studies. Thus, according to the selected keywords, 20 valid studies were collected from Scientific Information Databases (Jihad-e Daneshgahi). The results showed that many factors indirectly affect service quality and customer satisfaction, which is less dealt with. Public infrastructure, laws and regulations, mental and promotional elements have been considered some of these factors. The methodology of the collected studies was mostly quantitative or integrated. However, it seems that emphasizing on qualitative studies is required for the better understanding and description of the relationship between these concepts. Not much innovation and creativity in this area has been because of excessive emphasis on the evaluation of the non-native service quality. It seems that future studies can plan and state problems in this regard.http://www.jaco-sj.com/article_83918_7fc40ca0c6cdaea0d99f1695968dfd57.pdfNazar Research CenterJournal of Art and Civilization of the Orient2345-661272320190321Explanation of a spiritual landscape framework for low cost trips - A Case Study: men and women Hitchhik touristsExplanation of a spiritual landscape framework for low cost trips - A Case Study: men and women Hitchhik tourists39488391910.22034/jaco.2020.83919FASaraNorooziMaster student of Iranology, University of Shahid beheshtyJournal Article20190306Low cost trips are solution to reduce travel costs and expense management in the way that tourists who are interested in precarious and high-risk experiences can achieve to an important component of the specific trip and travel experiences with lower costs. Hitchhik category, is not-so-new category at the international level, but still is an unfamiliar concept in Iran. Perhaps these limitations and difficulties of travel in Iran, is take into account as being theoretical of this subject. It is obvious that specific types of tourism associated with different interpretations and spiritual states and this study are to follow experience of spiritual component to modeling Hitchhik tourism form the theoretical concept. This is a qualitative research and has been made by using grounded theory method and the use of semi-structured interviews with men and women who have had experience of this journey. 28 Successful interviews were done to achieve theoretical saturation and after open axial and selective coding techniques, the research findings was extracted in the form of paradigm. To learn about cultures, taking risks and simple traveling as causal factors. Carpool harassment, social resistance and hardness in the host society as a confounding factor. Inter-cultural interactions and non-predictable events were identified as underlying factors. Live in the moment, peace, friendship and trust in stranger’s are strategies that change the central phenomenon of spiritual change in the precarious journey to the consequences of theology, moral deeds, increase the number of friends and lead change makes insight. The results show that type of cheap and precarious tourism, has a distinct spiritual component that identifying and managing them can bring spiritual experience.
Low cost trips are solution to reduce travel costs and expense management in the way that tourists who are interested in precarious and high-risk experiences can achieve to an important component of the specific trip and travel experiences with lower costs. Hitchhik category, is not-so-new category at the international level, but still is an unfamiliar concept in Iran. Perhaps these limitations and difficulties of travel in Iran, is take into account as being theoretical of this subject. It is obvious that specific types of tourism associated with different interpretations and spiritual states and this study are to follow experience of spiritual component to modeling Hitchhik tourism form the theoretical concept. This is a qualitative research and has been made by using grounded theory method and the use of semi-structured interviews with men and women who have had experience of this journey. 28 Successful interviews were done to achieve theoretical saturation and after open axial and selective coding techniques, the research findings was extracted in the form of paradigm. To learn about cultures, taking risks and simple traveling as causal factors. Carpool harassment, social resistance and hardness in the host society as a confounding factor. Inter-cultural interactions and non-predictable events were identified as underlying factors. Live in the moment, peace, friendship and trust in stranger’s are strategies that change the central phenomenon of spiritual change in the precarious journey to the consequences of theology, moral deeds, increase the number of friends and lead change makes insight. The results show that type of cheap and precarious tourism, has a distinct spiritual component that identifying and managing them can bring spiritual experience.
http://www.jaco-sj.com/article_83919_47ff52143b04fd0b94c28649620335df.pdfNazar Research CenterJournal of Art and Civilization of the Orient2345-661272320190321Tourism based on the Traditional Music: Instrument, Goal or Destination Management ToolTourism based on the Traditional Music: Instrument, Goal or Destination Management Tool49568392010.22034/jaco.2020.83920FAMohammad HoseinImani KhoshkhooDepartment of Tourism ManagmentNiloofarRastgooM. A. in Tourism, University of Science and CultureJournal Article20190306Music is inherently associated with tourism, which is considered as an attractive force, reflection of the sustenance status and lifestyle and a carrier of messages and human community motivations. By its being interlaced with the human psyche and physique, music, as an art, is considered as one of the tourist attractions. Music-based tourism is amongst the vast branches of cultural tourism and, nowadays, a considerable part of the international tourists are interested in this type of tourism. Music is not just considered as an art existent in societal grounds and it is now for years that this art has stepped into this wide world and is acting within the format of a large industry. It is a sort of industry that plays an attractive experiential and sensory role in tourism destination management. Familiarity with the native culture, observation and participation in musical performance, healing and revitalization of the spirits are amongst the applications that prospers those days having less demands to a destination.<br />The present article has been carried out based on a qualitative method of descriptive and interpretational type. Data has been collected based on a documentary and library research as well as through interviewing. To this end, 24 interviews have been conducted based on snowball method till theoretical saturation was obtained. This lead to the identification of 362 open codes and 8 secondary topics. The present study aimed at determining effect of music and musical instrument on the attraction of the domestic tourists. The results indicated that the collective memories’ narrations, memorable senses, recalling of a certain destination and event-centeredness were amongst the secondary topics influencing traveling tours with the centrality of music. Whereas the experienced, attractive and spectacular phenomenon as well as the learnable and destination-associating phenomenon, were amongst the secondary topics that were identified in this regard. The results of this study indicated that music-based tourism was a means, a goal and a method for tourism destination management and promotion of the native knowledge and cultural values.Music is inherently associated with tourism, which is considered as an attractive force, reflection of the sustenance status and lifestyle and a carrier of messages and human community motivations. By its being interlaced with the human psyche and physique, music, as an art, is considered as one of the tourist attractions. Music-based tourism is amongst the vast branches of cultural tourism and, nowadays, a considerable part of the international tourists are interested in this type of tourism. Music is not just considered as an art existent in societal grounds and it is now for years that this art has stepped into this wide world and is acting within the format of a large industry. It is a sort of industry that plays an attractive experiential and sensory role in tourism destination management. Familiarity with the native culture, observation and participation in musical performance, healing and revitalization of the spirits are amongst the applications that prospers those days having less demands to a destination.<br />The present article has been carried out based on a qualitative method of descriptive and interpretational type. Data has been collected based on a documentary and library research as well as through interviewing. To this end, 24 interviews have been conducted based on snowball method till theoretical saturation was obtained. This lead to the identification of 362 open codes and 8 secondary topics. The present study aimed at determining effect of music and musical instrument on the attraction of the domestic tourists. The results indicated that the collective memories’ narrations, memorable senses, recalling of a certain destination and event-centeredness were amongst the secondary topics influencing traveling tours with the centrality of music. Whereas the experienced, attractive and spectacular phenomenon as well as the learnable and destination-associating phenomenon, were amongst the secondary topics that were identified in this regard. The results of this study indicated that music-based tourism was a means, a goal and a method for tourism destination management and promotion of the native knowledge and cultural values.http://www.jaco-sj.com/article_83920_15ba57762c966b644273bcbcba7821ef.pdf