Nazar Research Center Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient 2345-6612 8 27 2020 03 20 Recognition and Evaluation of Landscape Elements of Gorgan during the era of transformation Recognition and Evaluation of Landscape Elements of Gorgan during the era of transformation 27 38 105126 10.22034/jaco.2020.217703.1140 FA Morteza Hemmati Ph.D. Candidate in Landscape Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran. Azarnush Amiri Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran. Ghazaal Nafisi Faculty of Arts, Department of Architecture, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran. Sara Shokooh Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran. Elham Purbolourchian Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran. Seyyedeh Farzaneh Ehsani Oskuei Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2020 01 28 The neighborhood is one of the most important constituents of the spatial organization of Iranian cities and as a conceptual geographical-historical location of the landscape. The neighborhood, as one of the focal points of social life and collective memories, has symbolic dimensions that require a careful study of its landscape. As one of the most important centers of civilization in northern Iran, Gorgan has diverse patterns and unique mix of neighborhoods. However, in the last century it seems that neighborhood-based living has suffered irreparable damage with the fundamental changes that have taken place through the physical interpretation of cities in the urban system. During this period, life-changing centers of the past that had profound implications for the lives of past and present inhabitants of the city were ignored and gradually led to a gradual disappearance of their lives. The first step in reviving Gorgan''s neighborhoods seems to be holistic recognition of all its spatial dimensions - natural and cultural - during this period. Landscape attitude as one of the approaches to an in-depth understanding of the physical and non-physical dimensions of place can be helpful in recognizing the spatial dimensions of Gorgan neighborhoods. Therefore, this study seeks to provide an analysis of the current status of neighborhood elements by identifying the landscape of Gorgan, expressing its landscape elements, as well as examining the evolutionary factors of these elements, and pathology. The neighborhood is one of the most important constituents of the spatial organization of Iranian cities and as a conceptual geographical-historical location of the landscape. The neighborhood, as one of the focal points of social life and collective memories, has symbolic dimensions that require a careful study of its landscape. As one of the most important centers of civilization in northern Iran, Gorgan has diverse patterns and unique mix of neighborhoods. However, in the last century it seems that neighborhood-based living has suffered irreparable damage with the fundamental changes that have taken place through the physical interpretation of cities in the urban system. During this period, life-changing centers of the past that had profound implications for the lives of past and present inhabitants of the city were ignored and gradually led to a gradual disappearance of their lives. The first step in reviving Gorgan''s neighborhoods seems to be holistic recognition of all its spatial dimensions - natural and cultural - during this period. Landscape attitude as one of the approaches to an in-depth understanding of the physical and non-physical dimensions of place can be helpful in recognizing the spatial dimensions of Gorgan neighborhoods. Therefore, this study seeks to provide an analysis of the current status of neighborhood elements by identifying the landscape of Gorgan, expressing its landscape elements, as well as examining the evolutionary factors of these elements, and pathology. http://www.jaco-sj.com/article_105126_2bef22f993a5dd2f34934d88757c6558.pdf